基于深度学习的中医古文献临床经验抽取

中医古文献蕴藏着丰富的临床经验，是古代中医在行医过程中对临床诊疗的经验性总结，体现了中医学形成和发展的理论框架和思想基础.然而这些宝贵的临床经验不仅量大，而且分散在不同的文献中，使得中医从业者手工很难快速全面地获取它们，文献检索工具也只能提供文档级别的信息筛选，无法为这种细粒度的信息获取提供支持.此外，古汉语相对于现代汉语的不同特点也限制了主流文本分析工具的使用效果.为此本文提出面向临床经验获取的中医古文献信息抽取任务，用于识别古文献中描述临床经验的文本片段，手工标注了样本数据用于这种抽取模型的训练和测试，并设计了基于深度学习的序列标注器用于完成该任务.考虑到标注数据量小可能带来的过度拟合问题，本文引入对抗训练和虚拟对抗训练来增强模型的泛化能力.一系列充分的实验验证了模型的有效性，表明利用信息抽取技术从古文献获取中医临床经验具有可行性，为这一新的信息抽取任务提供了有希望的研究基线和可复用的标注数据集.     

某电解铅厂周边农田土壤和玉米中铅污染评价及同位素溯源研究

为探究铅在土壤-玉米-大气中的迁移转化行为,以某电解铅厂周边农田土壤和玉米为研究对象,采集距排烟口50 m、110 m、300 m、500 m、700 m、900 m和3 000 m处的土壤和玉米样品,利用原子吸收光谱仪(AAS)和电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)分别测定土壤、玉米和大气样品的铅含量和同位素比值。结果表明:电解铅厂周边的玉米均受到铅的污染,玉米根中的铅主要来自土壤,籽粒中的铅很有可能大部分来自大气,少部分来自土壤,茎中的铅很可能来自土壤而不是叶面传输;籽粒中的铅与叶片中的铅具有显著的相关关系(P0.01),相关方程为y=-0.0002x~2+0.0461x-0.4643,R=0.966 7。     

大学生童年受忽视经历对自尊的影响:应对方式的中介作用

为研究大学生在童年时受到忽视与自尊水平、应对方式之间的关系,采用方便抽样法,向430名学生发放童年受忽视量表、简易应对方式量表和自尊量表,使用统计软件SPSS17.0进行数据整理与分析,结果表明,大学生在童年时受到的忽视与自尊、处理应对的积极方式是负相关关系(r=-0.164,r=-0.246,P<0.01),忽视与消极应对方式呈正相关关系(r=0.152,P<0.01);自尊与大学生采用积极的应对方式呈正相关关系(r=0.398,P<0.01),与采用消极的应对方式呈负相关关系(r=-0.217,P<0.01);不同的应对方式在面临忽视与自尊之间起着协调作用,积极应对方式的协调效果有29.4%,而消极应对方式的协调效果则只有12.6%,差距十分明显。因此,大学生在童年时受到忽视与自尊、不同的应对方式会收到完全不同的协调效果。     

Blockage of the NLRP3 inflammasome by MCC950 improves anti-tumor immune responses in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma

The NLRP3 inflammasome is a critical innate immune pathway responsible for producing active interleukin (IL)-1β, which is associated with tumor development and immunity. However, the mechanisms regulating the inflammatory microenvironment, tumorigenesis and tumor immunity are unclear. Herein, we show that the NLRP3 inflammasome was over-expressed in human HNSCC tissues and that the IL-1β concentration was increased in the peripheral blood of HNSCC patients. Additionally, elevated NLRP3 inflammasome levels were detected in tumor tissues of Tgfbr1/Pten 2cKO HNSCC mice, and elevated IL-1β levels were detected in the peripheral blood serum, spleen, draining lymph nodes and tumor tissues. Blocking NLRP3 inflammasome activation using MCC950 remarkably reduced IL-1β production in an HNSCC mouse model and reduced the numbers of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), regulatory T cells (Tregs) and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Moreover, inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation increased the numbers of CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells in HNSCC mice. Notably, the numbers of exhausted PD-1⁺ and Tim3⁺ T cells were significantly reduced. A human HNSCC tissue microarray showed that NLRP3 inflammasome expression was correlated with the expression of CD8 and CD4, the Treg marker Foxp3, the MDSC markers CD11b and CD33, and the TAM markers CD68 and CD163, PD-1 and Tim3. Overall, our results demonstrate that the NLRP3 inflammasome/IL-1β pathway promotes tumorigenesis in HNSCC and inactivation of this pathway delays tumor growth, accompanied by decreased immunosuppressive cell accumulation and an increased number of effector T cells. Thus, inhibition of the tumor microenvironment through the NLRP3 inflammasome/IL-1β pathway may provide a novel approach for HNSCC therapy.     

Microsatellite instability in gastric cancer: molecular bases,clinical perspectives,and new treatment approaches

Gastric cancer is one of the most aggressive malignancies, with limited treatment options in both locally advanced and metastatic setting, resulting in poor prognosis. Based on genomic characterization, stomach tumour has recently been described as a heterogeneous disease composed by different subtypes, each of them with peculiar molecular aspects and specific clinical behaviour. With an incidence of 22% among all western gastric tumour cases, stomach cancer with microsatellite instability was identified as one of these subgroups. Retrospective studies and limited prospective trials reported differences between gastric cancers with microsatellite stability and those with instability, mainly concerning clinical and pathological features, but also in regard to immunological microenvironment, correlation with prognostic value, and responses to treatment. In particular, gastric cancer with microsatellite instability constitutes a small but relevant subgroup associated with older age, female sex, distal stomach location, and lower number of lymph-node metastases. Emerging data attribute to microsatellite instability status a favourable prognostic meaning, whereas the poor outcomes reported after perioperative chemotherapy administration suggest a detrimental role of cytotoxic drugs in this gastric cancer subgroup. The strong immunogenicity and the widespread expression of immune-checkpoint ligands make microsatellite instability subtype more vulnerable to immunotherapeutic approach, e.g., with anti-PD-L1 and anti-CTLA4 antibodies. Since gastric cancer with microsatellite instability shows specific features and clinical behaviour not overlapping with microsatellite stable disease, microsatellite instability test might be suitable for inclusion in a diagnostic setting for all tumour stages to guarantee the most targeted and effective treatment to every patient.     

General mechanisms of drought response and their application in drought resistance improvement in plants

Plants often encounter unfavorable environmental conditions because of their sessile lifestyle. These adverse factors greatly affect the geographic distribution of plants, as well as their growth and productivity. Drought stress is one of the premier limitations to global agricultural production due to the complexity of the water-limiting environment and changing climate. Plants have evolved a series of mechanisms at the morphological, physiological, biochemical, cellular, and molecular levels to overcome water deficit or drought stress conditions. The drought resistance of plants can be divided into four basic types-drought avoidance, drought tolerance, drought escape, and drought recovery. Various drought-related traits, including root traits, leaf traits, osmotic adjustment capabilities, water potential, ABA content, and stability of the cell membrane, have been used as indicators to evaluate the drought resistance of plants. In the last decade, scientists have investigated the genetic and molecular mechanisms of drought resistance to enhance the drought resistance of various crops, and significant progress has been made with regard to drought avoidance and drought tolerance. With increasing knowledge to comprehensively decipher the complicated mechanisms of drought resistance in model plants, it still remains an enormous challenge to develop water-saving and drought-resistant crops to cope with the water shortage and increasing demand for food production in the future.     

高职院校图书馆新生入馆教育工作创新研究

对几种新生入馆教育方式的优缺点进行了比较分析,以山东商务职业学院图书馆为例,详细介绍了宣传片拍摄要领及技巧,提出了一种综合性的新生入馆教育新模式.     

基于改进多目标遗传算法的连铸二冷过程优化

采用一种改进的多目标遗传算法对二冷工艺进行优化.改进的多目标遗传算法应用概率法选取选择算子，根据适应度值来动态计算交叉和变异概率，能够得到更好的全局最优解，提高算法精度和整体性能.在基于凝固传热模型的二冷优化过程中，采用变间距差分法离散求解传热方程，对比粒子群算法、多目标遗传算法，改进的多目标遗传算法搜索效率高，得到的价值函数最小.在实际生产中，采用优化后的二冷工艺，使得总用水量减少约10%，提高了铸坯质量，达到了节能降耗的要求.     

工程实践中的体系与系统

 介绍了国际上通行的体系概念，通过实例阐述了常见的体系类型，从多个维度描述了系统与体系的区别，根据实践总结，提出体系与系统的核心界定准则，并结合工程实践进行了详细描述。